Reference without Reference) Follow me in ISTAl for full discussion!!

Do we always speak of what we mean? How can we really define the counterparts of meaning? In a sentence like “Shakespeare is the author of Romeo and Juliet” the proper name Shakespeare is in predicate position as it identifies a quality or an activity of the entity and should not be simply regarded as an instance of direct reference. Language can be “misleading” in some cases, as not all referring expressions necessarily convey reference.